Chemical burn or reaction

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Chemical burn or reaction - MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

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Contents of this page:
Illustrations Alternative Names Definition Considerations Symptoms	First Aid DO NOT When to Contact a Medical Professional Prevention References

Illustrations

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Burns

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First aid kit

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Skin layers

Alternative Names Return to top

Burn from chemicals

Definition Return to top

Chemicals that touch skin can lead to a reaction on the skin, throughout the body, or both.

Considerations Return to top

Chemical exposure is not always obvious. You should suspect chemical exposure if an otherwise healthy person becomes ill for no apparent reason, particularly if an empty chemical container is found nearby.

Exposure to chemicals at work over a long period of time can cause changing symptoms as the chemical builds up in the person's body.

If the??person has a chemical in the eyes, see first aid for eye emergencies. If the??person has swallowed or inhaled a dangerous chemical, call poison control at 1-800-222-1222.

Symptoms Return to top

Depending on the type of exposure, the symptoms may include:

Abdominal pain
Breathing difficulty
Bright red or bluish skin and lips
Convulsions (seizures)
Dizziness
Headache
Hives, itching, swelling, nausea, vomiting, or weakness resulting from an allergic reaction
Irritability
Pain where the skin has come in contact with the toxic substance
Rash, blisters, burns on the skin
Unconsciousness

First Aid Return to top

Make sure the cause of the burn has been removed. Try not to come in contact with it yourself. If the chemical is dry, brush off any excess. Avoid brushing it into your eyes. Remove any contaminated clothing or jewelry.
Flush the chemicals off the skin surface using cool running water for 15 minutes or more.
Treat the person for shock if he or she appears faint, pale, or if there is shallow, rapid breathing.
Apply cool, wet compresses to relieve pain.
Wrap the burned area with a dry sterile dressing (if possible) or clean cloth. Protect the burned area from pressure and friction.
Minor chemical burns will generally heal without further treatment. However, if there is a second or third degree burn or if there is an overall body reaction, get medical help immediately. In severe cases, don't leave the person alone and watch carefully for reactions affecting the entire body.

Note: If a chemical gets into the eyes, the eyes should be flushed with water immediately. Continue to flush the eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical help immediately.

DO NOT Return to top

DO NOT apply any household remedy such as ointment or salve to a chemical burn.
DO NOT become contaminated by the chemical as you give first aid.
DO NOT disturb a blister or remove dead skin from a chemical burn.
DO NOT try to neutralize any chemical without consulting the Poison Control Center or a doctor.

When to Contact a Medical Professional Return to top

Call for medical help immediately if the person is having difficulty breathing, is having seizures, or is unconscious.

Prevention Return to top

All chemicals should be stored out of the reach of young children -- preferably in a locked cabinet.
Avoid mixing different products that contain toxic chemicals such as ammonia and bleach. The mixture can give off hazardous fumes.
Avoid prolonged (even low-level) exposure to chemicals.
Avoid using potentially toxic substances in the kitchen or around food.
Buy potentially poisonous substance in safety containers, and buy only as much as needed.
Many household products are made of toxic chemicals. It is important to read and follow label instructions, including any precautions.
Never store household products in food or drink containers. Leave them in their original containers with the labels intact.
Store chemicals safely immediately after use.
Use paints, petroleum products, ammonia, bleach, and other products that give off fumes only in a well-ventilated area.

References Return to top

Harchelroad FP, Rottinghaus DM. Chemical burns. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, eds. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2004: chap 200.

Update Date: 1/15/2009

Updated by: Jacob L. Heller, MD, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, Clinic. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 1997-2009, A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

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Medical Encyclopedia
Other encyclopedia topics:	A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk Bl-Bz C-Cg Ch-Co Cp-Cz D-Di Dj-Dz E-Ep Eq-Ez F G H-Hf Hg-Hz I-In Io-Iz J K L-Ln Lo-Lz M-Mf Mg-Mz N O P-Pl Pm-Pz Q R S-Sh Si-Sp Sq-Sz T-Tn To-Tz U V W X Y Z 0-9