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Dermatomyositis
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Definition Return to top
Dermatomyositis is a muscle disease characterized by inflammation and a skin rash. It is a type of inflammatory myopathy.
Causes Return to top
The cause of dermatomyositis is unknown. Experts think it may be due to a viral infection of the muscles or a problem with the body's immune system.
Anyone can develop dermatomyositis, but it most commonly occurs in children age 5 - 15 and adults age 40 - 60. Women develop this condition more often than men do.
Polymyositis is a similar condition, but the symptoms occur without a skin rash.
Symptoms Return to top
- Difficulty swallowing
- Muscle weakness, stiffness, or soreness
- Purple or violet colored upper eyelids
- Purple-red skin rash
- Shortness of breath
The muscle weakness may appear suddenly or develop slowly over weeks or months. You may have difficulty raising your arms over your head, rising from a sitting position, and climbing stairs.
The rash may appear over the face, knuckles, neck, shoulders, upper chest, and back.
Exams and Tests Return to top
The doctor will perform a physical exam. Tests may include:
- Bloods test to check levels of creatine phosphokinase and aldolase
- ECG
- Electromyography
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Muscle biopsy
Treatment Return to top
The disease is treated with anti-inflammatory medicines called corticosteroids and drugs that suppress the immune system.
When your muscle strength gets better, your doctor may tell you to slowly cut back on your doses. However, most people with this condition must take a medicine called prednisone indefinitely.
If the condition is associated with a tumor, the muscle weakness and rash may improve when the tumor is removed.
Outlook (Prognosis) Return to top
Some people may recover and have symptoms completely disappear. Doctors have reported several such cases, especially in children.
In adults, death may result from severe and prolonged muscle weakness, malnutrition, pneumonia, or lung failure. The major causes of death are cancer (malignancy) and lung disease.
Possible Complications Return to top
- Acute renal failure
- Cancer (malignancy)
- Inflammation of the heart
- Joint pain
- Lung disease
When to Contact a Medical Professional Return to top
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have muscle weakness or other symptoms of this condition.
References Return to top
Goldman L, Ausiello D. Goldman: Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2007.
Update Date: 2/5/2009 Updated by: Jonathan Kantor, MD, North Florida Dermatology Associates, Jacksonville, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 1997-2009, A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
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